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KMID : 0385020010170030195
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Korean Journal of Laboratory Animal Science
2001 Volume.17 No. 3 p.195 ~ p.208
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Comparative safety evaluation on transdermal toxicity and dermal and ocular irritation of novel decontaminants for chemical warfare agents
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Park, Hoon
Kim, Yun Bae/Kim, Jee Cheon/Lee, Yong Han/Hur, Gyeung Haeng/Yeon, Gyu Baek/Won, Kyun Hee
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Abstract
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Acute transdermal toxicity and dermal and ocular irritation of novel Water-soluble and Emulsion decontaminants were evaluated in comparison with those of Super Tropical Bleach (STB) and Decontamination Solution 2 (DS2) which have been used in field. In acute trandermal toxicity test using rats, no mortality and abnormal signs related to Water-soluble or Emulsion decontaminants were observed up to 5 ㎖/㎏. While STB induced skin erythema and a transient loss of body weights, DS2 produced skin burns and severe loss of body weights, leading to 100% mortality at a high dose (5 ㎖/㎏), in which the median lethal dose was estimated to be 3.5 ㎖/㎏. In dermal irritation test using rabbits, Water-soluble and Emulsion decontaminants were classified as moderate irritants, exhibiting 3.95 and 3.46 of primary skin irritation index, respectively, which were only the half levels of severe irritants STB (7.54) and DS2 (7.25). In ocular irritation test using rabbits, Water-soluble and Emulsion decontaminants were graded as irritant and slight irritant, showing 11.3 - 19.2 and 10.2 - 10. 7 of acute ocular irritation index, respectively, which were much lower than those of moderate to severe irritant STB (33.3 - 75.0) and severe irritant DS2 (110.0). Taken together, Water-soluble and Emulsion decontaminants were proved to be remarkably safe compared to STB and DS2 from acute transdermal toxicity and dermal and ocular irritation tests. In spite of the relatively-low toxicities of Water-soluble and Emulsion decontaminants, however, a careful use to avoid exposure to them is required, since those decontaminants also induce slight to moderate dermal and ocular irritation.
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